KET UNIT4
1. Grammar
- Present Continuous 现在进行时，句子结构为
主语 + 助动词 "be" + 现在分词（动词-ing 形式）, 例如：- I am studying(我正在学习)
- I am studying for my exam(我正在为考试而学习)
- She is not working today(她今天不工作)
- What are you doing(你正在做什么)
- Present Simple 一般现在时，句子结构为
主语 + 谓语动词- I eat breakfast every day(我每天吃早饭)
- She does not like coffee(他不喜欢咖啡)
- Do they play tennis on Sundays?(他们星期日打网球吗)
2. Present participle(动词现在分词)
1. 一般规律：大多数动词的现在分词形式是在动词原形（即第一形式）后加-ing：
- play-playing
- read-reading
- sing-singing
2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e，再加-ing：
- make-making
- write-writing
- dance-dancing
- 但有一些例外，如 be-being
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加-ing：
- hit-hitting
- run-running
- swim-swimming
4. 也有一些动词的现在分词形式是不规律的
- go-going
- be-being
3. 形容词比较级、最高级变形规则
比较级应用于二者之间进行比较，最高级应用于三者及以上群体进行对比
- 单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词：
- 比较级：在形容词后面加上-er，例如：tall（高）- taller（更高）
- 最高级：在形容词后面加上-est，例如：tall（高）- tallest（最高）
- 以e结尾的形容词：
- 比较级：在形容词后面直接加上-r，例如：nice（好）- nicer（更好）
- 最高级：在形容词后面直接加上-st，例如：nice（好）- nicest（最好）
- 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词：
- 比较级：将y改为i，再加上-er，例如：happy（高兴）- happier（更高兴）
- 最高级：将y改为i，再加上-est，例如：happy（高兴）- happiest（最高兴）
- 多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词：
- 比较级：在形容词前面加上more，例如：beautiful（美丽）- more beautiful（更美丽）
- 最高级：在形容词前面加上most，例如：beautiful（美丽）- most beautiful（最美丽）
- 不规则变化的形容词： 有一些形容词的比较级和最高级变化不按照规则，而是有特殊的变化形式，例如：good（好）- better（更好）- best（最好）、bad（坏）- worse（更坏）- worst（最坏）等。
| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| small | smaller | the smallest |
| cold | colder | the coldest |
| tall | taller | the tallest |
| young | younger | the youngest |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| thin | thinner | the thinnest |
| fat | fatter | the fattest |
| hot | hotter | the hottest |
| heavy | heavier | the heaviest |
| pretty | prettier | the prettiest |
| difficult | more difficult | the most difficult |
| important | more important | the most important |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| interesting | more interesting | the most interesting |
| warm | warmer | the warmest |
| large | larger | the largest |
| fit | fitter | the fittest |
| happy | happier | the happiest |
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
| cool | cooler | the coolest |
| fast | faster | the fastest |
| hard | harder | the hardest |
| popular | more popular | the most popular |
4. Key sentence
KEY-1：主语搭配正确的 be 动词；正确动词现在分词
- They are dancing(他们在跳舞)
- I am swimming(我在游泳)
- she is writing(她在写作)
KEY-2: 一般现在时用来表达频率性、习惯性的行为，句子中如有频率副词出现，使用一般现在时。
- I often go to the library to study (我经常去图书馆学习 )
- She always goes for a run in the morning(她早上总是去跑步)
- I usually drink coffee in the morning(我通常在早上喝咖啡)
- She never eats fast food(她从不吃快餐)
KEY-3: 对于表示稳定状态、个人喜好的类的动词，如：be, like, hate, want, love, know, understand, 我们只用一般现在时表达。如
- I am a teacher(我是一名教师)
- We like watching movies(我们喜欢看电影)
- He hates broccoli(他讨厌西兰花)
- They like to travel(他们喜欢旅行)
- She loves dancing(她喜欢跳舞)
- She knows how to swim(她知道如何游泳)
- I understand what he said to me(我明白他对我说的话)
KEY-4: 动词 have 表示拥有或者正在做某事
- My sister has a pet(我的妹妹有一个宠物)
- I have long straight hair(我有一头长长的直发)
- Lucy has a little brother(露西有一个小弟弟)
- My mother is having breakfast while I am having a shower(我洗澡的时候，妈妈正在吃早饭)
KEY-5: 副词 too, enough 修饰形容词表示程度；肯定句时放在形容词前用 too（太）；否定句时在形容词后边用 enough（不足）
- The food is too hot(这个食物太烫了)
- I’m too cold(我太冷了)
- The food is not cold enough(这个食物不够凉)
- I’m not hot enough(我不够热)
KEY-6: 副词 enough 修饰名词时放在名词前，表示足够
We haven’t got enough money(我们没有足够的钱) There aren’t enough eggs to make the cake(做蛋糕的鸡蛋不够了)
KEY-7: 形容词比较级，最高级
| 英文句子 | 中文句子 |
|---|---|
| The apple is small. | 苹果很小。 |
| The orange is smaller than the apple. | 橘子比苹果更小。 |
| The grape is the smallest of all. | 葡萄是最小的。 |
| The day is cold. | 白天很冷。 |
| The night is colder than the day. | 夜晚比白天更冷。 |
| The winter is the coldest of all. | 冬天是最冷的。 |
| The tree is tall. | 树很高。 |
| The building is taller than the tree. | 建筑比树更高。 |
| The mountain is the tallest of all. | 山是最高的。 |
| The child is young. | 孩子很年轻。 |
| The teenager is younger than the child. | 青少年比孩子更年轻。 |
| The baby is the youngest of all. | 婴儿是最年轻的。 |
| The dog is big. | 狗很大。 |
| The elephant is bigger than the dog. | 大象比狗更大。 |
| The whale is the biggest of all. | 鲸鱼是最大的。 |
| The rope is thin. | 绳子很细。 |
| The thread is thinner than the rope. | 线比绳子更细。 |
| The hair strand is the thinnest of all. | 头发丝是最细的。 |
| The cat is fat. | 猫很胖。 |
| The pig is fatter than the cat. | 猪比猫更胖。 |
| The hippo is the fattest of all. | 河马是最胖的。 |
| The tea is hot. | 茶很热。 |
| The coffee is hotter than the tea. | 咖啡比茶更热。 |
| The lava is the hottest of all. | 熔岩是最热的。 |
| The book is heavy. | 书很重。 |
| The stone is heavier than the book. | 石头比书更重。 |
| The elephant is the heaviest of all. | 大象是最重的。 |
| The flower is pretty. | 花很漂亮。 |
| The butterfly is prettier than the flower. | 蝴蝶比花更漂亮。 |
| The peacock is the prettiest of all. | 孔雀是最漂亮的。 |
| The task is difficult. | 任务很困难。 |
| The puzzle is more difficult than the task. | 拼图比任务更困难。 |
| The riddle is the most difficult of all. | 谜题是最困难的。 |
| The exam is important. | 考试很重要。 |
| The interview is more important than the exam. | 面试比考试更重要。 |
| The job offer is the most important of all. | 工作机会是最重要的。 |
| The performance is good. | 表演很好。 |
| The presentation is better than the performance. | 演讲比表演更好。 |
| The masterpiece is the best of all. | 杰作是最好的。 |
| The movie is bad. | 电影很糟糕。 |
| The sequel is worse than the movie. | 续集比电影更糟糕。 |
| The disaster is the worst of all. | 灾难是最糟糕的。 |
| The story is interesting. | 故事很有趣。 |
| The documentary is more interesting than the story. | 纪录片比故事更有趣。 |
| The mystery is the most interesting of all. | 迷踪是最有趣的。 |
| The day is warm. | 白天很暖和。 |
| The sun is warmer than the day. | 太阳比白天更温暖。 |
| The desert is the warmest of all. | 沙漠是最温暖的。 |
| The cup is large. | 杯子很大。 |
| The jug is larger than the cup. | 水壶比杯子更大。 |
| The ocean is the largest of all. | 海洋是最大的。 |
| The person is fit. | 人很健康。 |
| The athlete is fitter than the person. | 运动员比人更健康。 |
| The Olympian is the fittest of all. | 奥运会选手是最健康的。 |
| The child is happy. | 孩子很开心。 |
| The clown is happier than the child. | 小丑比孩子更开心。 |
| The winner is the happiest of all. | 胜利者是最幸福的。 |
| The dress is expensive. | 裙子很贵。 |
| The car is more expensive than the dress. | 汽车比裙子更贵。 |
| The yacht is the most expensive of all. | 游艇是最昂贵的。 |
| The room is cool. | 房间很凉爽。 |
| The freezer is cooler than the room. | 冰箱比房间更凉爽。 |
| The arctic is the coolest of all. | 北极是最凉爽的。 |
| The car is fast. | 汽车很快。 |
| The airplane is faster than the car. | 飞机比汽车更快。 |
| The rocket is the fastest of all. | 火箭是最快的。 |
| The problem is hard. | 问题很难。 |
| The puzzle is harder than the problem. | 拼图比问题更难。 |
| The riddle is the hardest of all. | 谜题是最难的。 |
| The band is popular. | 乐队很受欢迎。 |
| The singer is more popular than the band. | 歌手比乐队更受欢迎。 |
| The superstar is the most popular of all. | 超级巨星是最受欢迎的。 |
5. Vocabulary
| 英文单词 | 中文意思 | 英文单词 | 中文意思 | 英文单词 | 中文意思 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-shirt | T恤 | new | 新的 | dark | 黑暗的 |
| clothes | 服装 | old | 旧的 | short | 短的 |
| boots | 靴子 | long | 长的 | small | 小的 |
| dress | 连衣裙 | large | 大的 | at the age of 14 | 在十四岁的时候 |
| hat | 帽子 | war | 战争 | move to London | 搬到伦敦 |
| jacket | 夹克 | jeans | 牛仔裤 | shoes | 鞋 |
| coat | 外套；大衣 | trousers | 裤子 | sweater | 毛衣 |
| sunglasses | 太阳镜 | belt | 腰带 | tie | 领带 |
| swimsuit | 泳装（尤其指女士游泳衣） | usual | 通常的；惯常的 | shame | 令人惋惜的事；羞愧 |
| tonight | 今夜 | fashion show | 时装秀 | model agency | 模特公司 |
| the latest fashions | 最新款式 | a jar of canned peas | 一罐罐头豌豆 | aspirin | 阿司匹林药 |
| local | 当地的；本地的 | jewellery | 珠宝 | supermarket | 超市 |
| dirty | 脏的 | band aid | 创可贴 | department store | 百货大楼 |
| clean | 干净的 | magazine | 杂志 | chemist | 药店；药商；药剂师 |
| expensive | 昂贵的 | article | 文章；论文 | bookshop | 书店 |
| cheap | 便宜的 | technology | 技术；科技 | business | 商务；生意 |
| light | 明亮的；轻柔的 | earn money | 赚钱 | college | 技术学校；高等职业学校 |